How to Fulfill the D’oraysa of Tefillah

This is a very cryptic Rambam in Sefer Hamitzvos which in light of what we've been discussing this week I think we're able to get a handle on. The Rambam writes in Hamitzva Haasiris in the Mitzvas Asei היא שצונו לקרוא קריאת שמע בכל יום ערב ושחר vehu amro yisaleh

ודברת בם בשבתך בביתך וגו' ובשכבך ובקומך וכבר התבאר משפטי מצוה זו במסכת ברכות ושם התבאר שקריאת שמע דאורייתא.

Then the Rambam continues and he writes velashon hatosefta

כשם שנתנה תורה קבע לקריאת שמע כך נתנו חכמים זמן לתפלה.

Again

כשם שנתנה תורה קבע לקריאת שמע כך נתנו חכמים זמן לתפלה כלומר שזמני התפלה אינם מן התורה אמנם חובת התפלה עצמה היא מן התורה כמו שביארנו והחכמים סדרו לה זמנים

vezehu inyan omram תפלות כנגד תמידים תקנום כלומר סדרו זמנה בזמני ההקרבה. So what does the Rambam want here? And whatever he wants he seems to be ma'arich about tfila. How does it come into the minyan hamitzvos of mitzvas krias shema? A very very tamuah. So ella mai again what we've been discussing this week just to review Chazal prompted by the impairment that people had in expressing themselves introduced a madbe'a tfila Ezra uveis dino and as part of that same takanaso then they also were kove'a minyan u'zmanei tfilos and again we tried to understand not to review now the interrelatedness between those things. It's clear it's totally clear that when Chazal introduced a madbe'a hatfila it wasn't that they were stam introducing a derabbanan of tfila. They were rather saying miderabbanan this is how you should be mekayeim the deraisa of tfila. Right? Sometimes you can have a derabbanan which it's not telling you how to be mekayeim a deraisa. Chazal say you should make kiddush on Yom Tov. Obviously there's something in the Torah that they're linking up with but they're telling you you should make kiddush on Yom Tov. It's a mitzva derabbanan. Here Chazal aren't saying it's a mitzva derabbanan to say the Shemoneh Esrei. Chazal are saying heyos that we can no longer rely on people expressing themselves adequately properly so this is how to be mekayeim the deraisa of tfila. Now take that a step further the fact that for the Rambam תפלות כנגד תמידים תקנום is part and parcel of the same takana so what emerges is that that too is Chazal telling us how to be mekayeim the deraisa of tfila. The deraisa of tfila before the takana of Ezra uveis dino again is

כל אחד יוכלו כמה פעמים שרוצה ביום באיזה זמן שרוצה

and Chazal are saying this is how to be mekayeim the deraisa of tfila. This isn't an independent derabbanan of tfila this is Chazal telling us how to be mekayeim the deraisa of tfila. Klor that that's what the Rambam is saying is pshat in the Tosefta. This Tosefta here of

כשם שנתנה תורה קבע לקריאת שמע כך נתנו חכמים זמן לתפלה כלומר שזמני התפלה אינם מן התורה אמנם חובת התפלה עצמה היא מן התורה

meaning the Chachamim would kove'a zman for the deraisa of tfila. How does it come into the mitzvah of krias shema? Lechora what the Rambam is explaining to us is how he knows to count krias shema as one mitzvah not two mitzvos. Maybe it should be two distinct mitzvos in the minyan hamitzvos? Maybe there's one mitzvah to say krias shema at night and there's a second mitzvah to say krias shema in the morning? They're not מעכבים זה את זה so meheicha tisei that it's one mitzvah? Rambam says no you see from the Tosefta the Tosefta compares

כשם שנתנה תורה קבע לקריאת שמע כך נתנו חכמים זמן לתפלה

it's equating it. And the Rambam says and when you understand tfila properly so you realize that the נתנו חכמים זמן לתפלה clearly is that they're saying the way to be mekayeim the one the deraisa the one mitzvah the single mitzvah deraisa of davenning today is to daven in these three zmanei tfila agam they're not מעכבים זה את זה obviously but nevertheless it's clear that that's what the relationship is so you see from that Tosefta that krias shema is also one mitzvah. That's why also if you take a look in In in the Yad, that's what the Rambam, the Rambam begins Hilchos Krias Shema, he writes פעמיים בכל יום קורין קרית שמע בערב ובבוקר. So he should have said קורין קרית שמע בערב ובבוקר, no, so the pa'amayim bechol yom, that's reflecting this same idea that he has in Sefer Hamitzvos again that there's one mitzvah of Krias Shema and that mitzvah of Krias Shema is to read twice a day, agam אין מעכבין זה את זה, but but that's the din. Okay, we'll continue with this point b'ezras Hashem tomorrow.