Part of the series: Divrei Hashkafa by Rav Mayer Twersky
Transcript
AI-generated transcript. May contain errors.
The Rambam says, given the fact that the ultimate schar for mitzvos was beโeitzem shebeโOlam Haba, so
ืืื ืื ืฉืืชื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืื ืชืฉืืขื ืืืืืข ืืื ืืื ืื ืชืฉืืขื ืืงืจื ืืชืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืข ืืจืขื ืืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ืืฉืคืืืช ืืืฉืืืช ืืืจืฅ ืืืืืช ืืืฆืืืช ืืขืฉื ืืืคืกื ืืฉืืจ ืื ืืืจื ืืืจืืช ืื ืืืชื ืืืืจืื ืืืช ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืฉืื ื ืขืืฉืื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืชืืจื ืชืืืข ืืืื ื ืืืืืช ืขืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ื ืขืืืจืื ืขืืืื ืชืงืจื ืืืชื ื ืืจืขืืช ืืืชืืืืช ืืขืค"ื ืืื ืืืชื ืืืืืืช ืื ืกืืฃ ืืชื ืฉืืจื ืฉื ืืฆืืืช ืืื ืืืชื ืืจืขืืช ืื ืกืืฃ ืื ืงืื ืฉื ืืงืืื ืืขืืืจ ืขื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืื ืื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืจ ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ื ืชื ืื ื ืชืืจื ืื ืขืฅ ืืืื ืืื ืืขืืฉื ืื ืืืชืื ืื ืืืืืขื ืืขื ืืืืจื ื ืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืคื ืืืื ืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืืื ื ืืชืืจื ืฉืื ื ืขืฉื ืืืชื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืช ื ืคืฉ ืื ืืื ืืืืืชื ืชืืื ืฉืืกืืจ ืืื ื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืืชื ื ืืืขืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืจืขื ืืืืืฆื ืืื ืืืฉืคืืข ืื ื ืื ืืืืืืช ืืืืืงืื ืืช ืืืื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืืช ืื ืืชืืจื ืืืื ืฉืืืข ืืฉืืื ืืจืืืช ืืกืฃ ืืืื ืืื ืฉืื ื ืขืกืืง ืื ืืืื ื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืืืฃ ืฆืจืื ืืื ืืื ื ืฉื ืคื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืขืฉืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืชืืจื ืืืจ ืฉืืืืื ืืืืืืช ืขืืื ืืื ืืฆืืงื ืชืืื ืื ื ืื ื ืฉืืืจ ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืืขื ื ืืชืืจื ืฉืื ื ืขืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืขืชื ื ืื ืขืกืืง ืืืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืฉืื ืืฉืืจืื ืืืืขื ืฉืืืื ืืืืช ืืกืืจ ืื ืืขืืืืื ืื ืืืืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืืงื ืืืืื ืืืขืื ืืืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืจืขืืช ืืืื ืขืืช ืืืชื ืืืงื ืืช ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืจืฉืขื ืืื ืฉืืชืื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืืช ืืช ืืืืืื ืฉืืฉืืื ืืฉื ืื ืชืืช ืืฉืจ ืื ืขืืืช ืืช ืืฉื ืืืงืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืื ื ืืฆื ืคืืจืืฉ ืื ืืืชื ืืืจืืืช ืืืงืืืืช ืขื ืืจื ืื ืืืืืจ ืื ืขืืืชื ืืช ืืฉื ืืฉืืื ืืฉืืจืชื ืืจืื ืืฉืคืืข ืืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืื ืืืจืืืง ืืงืืืืช ืขื ืฉืชืืื ืคื ืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืชืืจื ืืืขืกืืง ืื ืืื ืฉืชืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืชืืจืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืืื ืืจืื ืื ืืฆืืชื ืืืืื ืืฉื ื ืืขืืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืงื ื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืืืฉืืื ืืืขืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืื ืขืืืชื ืืช ืืฉื ืืฉืืืชื ืืืืื ืืืฉืชื ืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืขืืืื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืื ืืืกืืจ ืื ืืืจืืืช ืขื ืฉืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืคืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืคื ืื ืืื ืืืฃ ืฉืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืฆืืื ืืื ืฉืชืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืื ืืฆื ืฉืืืืืชื ืฉื ื ืขืืืืืช ืฉืืืื ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืจืขื ืืื ื ืืชืขืกืง ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืฆืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื.
The Rambam here, lโichorah, seems to run contrary to a very fundamental hashkafa, a very fundamental belief of ours. It's based in this Rambam. A person is called on to answer: what's the point of yissurim? What's the point of yissurim? So if we weren't to answer based on the Rambam, if we were to answer based on what we've been taught and what we know, the point of yissurim is to serve as a kapparah. The point of yissurim is to catalyze a person ืืคืฉืคืฉ ืืืขืฉืื ืืืฉืืฉ ืืืขืฉืื to do teshuvah. That's how we would answer. The Rambam. The point of yissurim, the point of yissurim is to get the guy, the point of yissurim is to keep them so tarud with his pain, with his suffering, with his poverty, Rachmana l'tzlan, that ืฉืืขืชื ืื ืชืื ืคื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืฉืืืจ ืืืขืฉืืช ืืืงืืื and that not only will he have no menuchas hanefesh in olam hazeh but he'll lose olam habah also. That's what it says. So how can that be? So itachen hasvarah. Emes is when you look in Chumash in some places the Chumash seems to be saying again what we're taught, what we would have said in response to this question. What's the pshat in the parshah of yissurim again? It's to catalyze for teshuvah. In the parshah of ืื ืชืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ื ืื ืื, in parshas Va'eschanan, ืืฆืจ ืื ืืืฆืืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื all the suffering which has been detailed above ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื ืืฉืืช ืขื ื' ืืืืื ืืฉืืขืช ืืงืื. So quite clearly that's not a, not a psik reisha that, well, that's the tachlis of the yissurim. So that's our orientation. Let's say the Tochacha in Ki Savo. So the Torah goes on and on and on and on and just stops. There's no, it doesn't, it doesn't culminate in anything. L'chora, l'chora, it escalates and escalates and escalates, the suffering escalates and escalates and what's the final word? Final word is ืืืชืืืจืชื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืขืืืื ืืืฉืคืืืช ืืืื ืงื ื sof pasuk, sof tochacha. So itachen that the Rambam learned that the Torah has two different parshios of yissurim. Avada everything that we've been taught, that we know, that we believe, avada that's emes. The Rambam doesn't have to say pshat in that. That the Torah speaks of suffering in olam hazeh as an instrument to be m'orer to teshuvah, as a catalyst to teshuvah. So avada that doesn't present any stirah to what he said in perek ches and reiterates here that the ultimate s'char is avada in olam habah and that's where ืื ืืืื ืื ืืืืื. So that doesn't need pshat. What needs pshat is that apparently there's also a parshah of yissurim in the Torah where the Torah doesn't connect, doesn't link the yissurim to teshuvah and apparently the yissurim are not designed to bring us lidei teshuvah. Apparently there is such a parshah of yissurim in the Torah also. That's already a kashya. That's already a kashya. The same way, the same way. So that's where the Rambam is saying pshat that ein hachi nami sometimes there is such a parshah of yissurim in the Torah and that's what the Rambam is coming to explain. The Ramban doesn't ask the question but l'chora the Ramban is responding to this question. Ramban earlier in Ki Savo has as follows.
ืื ื ืืกืชืืื ื ืืขืื ืฉ ืขืืืื ืืจื ืืืืืืจื ืืชืืจื ืืืงืืืืช ืจืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืชืืื ืื ืชืืืื ืื ืื ืืื ื ืื ืื ืื ืืฉื ืชื ืืืจืฅ ืืืฉืืชื ืืขืฉืืชื ืคืกื.
Right? The first parshah that we looked at. V'zeh azharah l'yisrael.
ืื ืืขืืื ืขืืืื ืืจื ืืืจื ืขืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืฉื ืชื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืื ืื
maybe maybe the other also
ืืืขืื ืฉ ืขื ืื ืืขืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืคืืฅ ืืฉื ืืชืื ืืขืืื ืื ืฉืืจืชื ืืชื ืืกืคืจ ืืฉื ื ืืืจ ืืขืืืชื ืฉื ืืืืืื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืืงืฉืชื ืืฉื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืืฆืืช
says the Ramban ืืื ื ืชืงืืื ืืื ืืืฉืจ ืืืืจืชื ืคืืจืฉืชื ืืืจ. Look back in V'etchanan, he says, I already explained when this nevuah was fulfilled, when it came to fruition.
ืืืคืจืฉื ืืืจืช ืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืื ืืืจืฅ ืฉื ืฉืืข ืืืืืชืื ืื ืชืืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืฉืจ ืกืืืืืชืืื ืืืขืื ืฉ ืื ืงื ืงื ื ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืงืจืื ืคื ืืืจื ืืฃ ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืื ืืืฉืืืื ืืขื ืคื ื ืืืืื. ืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืืืงื ืืขืืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืืฉืืื ืืงื ืืืืฆืืื ืืืฆืจืื ืืืืื ืืืจื ืขืืืื ืืจื ืืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืื.
Says this ืื ืืื ืืื ื ืืจื. Aderaba, this Hakadosh Baruch Hu gave us an azharah that it shouldn't come to pass, and taki this isn't the nevuah of what would be, but this on the contrary is an azharah, don't do this because lest such and such happen, but it taki never happened.
ืืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืขืืืื ืืขืื ืฉ ืื ืืืฉืื ืืืชืื ืืืจื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจืื ืืืจ ืฉืขืชืื ืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืคื ืืืจื ืืฃ ืืฉื.
Parsha Shlishis ืืืฉืืจ ืื ืคื ืชืฉืื also pointed out in Eikev
ืืืฉืืจ ืื ืคื ืชืฉืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืืืชื ืชืฉืืืจ ืืฆืืืชืื ืืืฉืคืืื ืืืืงืืชืื ืืืืจ ืืจื ืืืื ืืฉืืืช ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืืืฆืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืืคืจืฉื ืืืืจืช ืืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืฆื ืืื ืขืฉื ืื ืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืืจืช ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืชื ืื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืืืืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉืืื ืชืฉืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืืืืช ืืืจื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืขืืืชื ืืืฉืชืืืืืช ืืื ืืขืืืชื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืฉืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืื ืืืคืจื ืฉืื ืืืฆืืื ืืื ืืืจืฅ ืืฆืจืื ืืื ืขืฉื ืขืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืืื ืขืฉื ืืื ืื ืืืืืจืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืขืืืื ืืจื ืืจืฆืื ื ืืืขืื ืฉ ืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืฉื ืืืืื ืืคื ืืื ืื ืชืืืืื ืืืืจื ืืฉืื ืืืชืื ืฉืืื ืืขืฉื ืืื ืคื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืจืฅ ืงืืื ืฉืืชืืืฉืื ืื ืืจื ืืืืืฉื ืื ืืขืืื ืฉืืืจืฅ ืืื ืื ืื ืื ืขืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืขืืืื ืืืืช.
So be'emes you see a pattern emerging in the Ramban, and the pattern emerging in the Ramban is the Ramban claims is that when we're just told you do this, it's going to be doomsday, and there's no linkage to teshuva, those are things that never happened. There the Torah's talking about again chas v'shalom if you do this, this is what the response would be, but it's things that these are again azharos, not nevuos to materialize, but azharos on the contrary to preempt it from ever materializing. So if it never materializes, you don't have to describe the yissurim as being linked to a final teshuva. Oh, but what do you do with Parshas Ki Savo? So that the Ramban we know tells us was mukuayam. That's our galus, right? The tochacha in Bechukosai was galus Bavel and ours is from Parshas Ki Savo.
ืืืคืขื ืืจืืืขืืช ืืืืืจ ืืคืืจืฉ ืืืืจ ืืืื ืื ืื ืชืฉืืข ืืงืื ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืฉืืืจ ืืขืฉืืช ืืช ืื ืืฆืืืชืื ืืืืงืืชืื ืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืจืืช.
Says the Ramban
ืืืืืื ืืืืื ืืกืืฃ ืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืฉืืืช ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืช ืขื ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืืฉื ืืฉื ืืืืงืื ืฉืืืชื ืืจืืืื.
Dehainu, the Ramban says that the psukim in Parshas Nitzavim are the conclusion of Parshas Ki Savo. So the way the Ramban reads the tochacha in Parshas Ki Savo, so what we said in the Rambam is not correct and aderaba that's how the Ramban's answering the question that taki anything which is not intended only as an azharah but is also intended as a nevuah to materialize, so there taki yissurim are always linked to ultimate teshuva and they are portrayed as a. ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืจืื ืืืืืชื ื ืื ืืืืืืื ืืฉืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ื. And then again, the final case where again it's not only an azharah but a remez to what will materialize
ืืคืจืฉื ืืืืฉืืช ืืืืจื ืืืจื ื ืืืื ืืชืงืืืืช ืืืืืจ ื' ืื ืืฉื ืื ื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืืชืื ืืงื ืืขื ืืื ืืื ื ืืขื ืชื ืืฉืืจื ืืืืช
and it would continue so that's the end, but so that's the Ramban's lichora take on this. So again, I don't think that's a kasha on what we said in the Rambam but it's a different mahalach and mamash a yesodistige machlokes in that the Ramban seems to be the thrust of what he's saying is that you don't find what the Rambam seems to be depicting as this second parsha of yisurim which are not designed, it doesn't mean that a person, I don't think the Rambam means that it's impossible for a person to be able to respond that way, but lichora the Rambam certainly is saying that they're not designed as a catalyst to teshuvah, they're just designed as onesh Rachmana litzlan. So be'emes the issue in terms of what the yisurim are and how the Torah's presenting them besoch Ki Savo lichora is similar to the issue in the Tosfos in Megillah where Tosfos is commenting on the takanas Ezra of thank you very much of reading berachos and kelalos shebeMishneh Torah before Rosh Hashanah. Tosfos asks but we don't really read Ki Savo the Shabbos before Rosh Hashanah.
ืื ืฉืืืฉื ื ืชืืจื ืงืืื ืขืฆืจืช ืฉืืืฉื ื ืชืืจื ืงืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืืื ืชืงื ืช ืขืืจื ืฉืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจืฉ ืฉื ืจืืื ื ื ืืกืื ืืื ืืืืงืื ืคืจืฉืช ื ืฆืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืื ืืฉืืฉ ื' ืฉืืชืืช ืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืืกืืืืช.
If you have a Shabbos between Yom Kippur and Sukkos so then you read Haazinu that Shabbos and you read Vayeilech as Shabbos Shuva and Nitzavim is read before Rosh Hashanah. So Nitzavim Vayeilech are split but Mattos Masei that year mechubaras.
ืืืื ืืืืงืื ืืืืช ืืืกืขื ืฉืืจื ืืื ืงืฆืจ ืืืชืจ ืืืฉืื ืืคื ืฉืืืื ื ืฆืืื ืืฉ ืงืืื ืฉืงืืื ืืฉืจืื ืืจืืฆื ืืกืืืื ืงืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื.
Because if we would have Nitzavim Vayeilech together on Shabbos Shuva and then Haazinu between Yom Kippur and Sukkos so then we wouldn't have the tichla shanah vekileloseha before Rosh Hashanah. Says Tosfos ืืงืฉื ืฉืื ื ืื ืืืฉืืื ื ืืงืืื ืฉืงืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืจืื. So according to the Rabbeinu Nissim we're bedafka our seder haparshiyos is bedafka to ensure that Nitzavim is also before Rosh Hashanah right that's what's dictating our seder haparshiyos. Vekasha says Tosfos
ืฉืื ื ืื ืืืฉืืื ื ืืงืืื ืฉืงืืื ืืฉื ืืฉืจืื ืืืืฉืืข ืืคืจืง ืืืืืจ ืืช ืืกืคืื ื ืืืจ ืจืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืื ืฉืื ืืืืช ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืช ืืฉืจ ืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืฉืจืื ืื"ื ืืงืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืจืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืงืืืื ืื"ื ืืืฉืืื ื ืื ืืื ืื ืชืฉืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืงืื ื ืืฉืืข ืืืืื ืฉืขื ืืืื ืงืื ื ืืื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืื ืืืกืฃ
that we're talking only about parshas Ki Savo. We're not talking about Nitzavim.
ืืขืื ืงืฉื ืืคื ืกืืจืชื ืืืื ืืื ืงืืจืื ืืืืื ื ืงืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืฉืืจื ืื ืฉื ืืฉ ืงืืืืช ืืื ื ืจืื ืื ืืืขื ืฉืื ื ืืืืงืื ืืืชื ืืคื ืฉืื ื ืจืืฆืื ืืืคืกืืง ืืืงืจืืช ืฉืืช ืืืช ืงืืื ืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื ืืคืจืฉื ืฉืื ืชืื ืืืืจืช ืืงืืืืช ืืื ืฉืื ืืืกืืื ืืงืืืืช ืืจืืฉ ืืฉื ื.
So Tosfos says punk farkert it's not that we bedafka want to make sure that we read Nitzavim with its kelalos before Rosh Hashanah. But clearly Rabbeinu Nissim sees more of a continuity between Ki Sovo and Nitzovim, in which case the v'hoyoh ki yovoh Parshas Nitzovim is mechubor back to the whole klalos of Ki Sovo as well, which is the way the Ramban says. Itโs not true that the klalos in Ki Sovo are not presented as a catalyst to teshuva. Ma she'ein ken the way Tosafot says it, no, Ki Sovo is not linked to the klalos to Nitzovim. Ki Sovo stands alone, itโs distinct. If it stands alone and itโs distinct, so thatโs more the way the Rambam reads the psukim. So you have a parsha of yisurim in the Torah which is not linked, which is not presented as a catalyst to teshuva. So that the Rambam says that has to have pshat. So then it just seems to be presented as onesh. Itโs just onesh, but thatโs not the ultimate onesh. So whatโs the Torah talking about? Thatโs what perek tes is dealing with. There are a few lines from the end of the Halacha we read already, was just read for a minute:
ืื ืขืืืชื ืืช ื' ืืฉืงืขืชื ืืืืื ืืืฉืชื ืืื ืืช ืืืืื ืืื.
So when the Rambam says maachal u'mishteh, so what does he mean? He means treifa maachalos and yayin nesech? Stama lo. He means that a person is wallowing in, is immersing in even kosher food and drink. Long story Kiddush Club. So eib azoy, if thatโs the case, so instead of saying znus, the Rambam should have said should have said just tashmish or something. Because the same way the mashma'us of maachal u'mishteh is that whatโs wrong about it is the excess, not the lack of an acceptable hashgacha on the on the maachal u'mishteh, so thatโs what he should have indicated here as well. Ella yitachen that aderaba, thatโs gufo what the Rambam is saying and dramatizing. Maybe thatโs taka what the Rambam means, and the Rambam is saying and thatโs a geder of znus. ืืืงืข ืืื ืืื ื ืื, that is what he means. In context you see that that is what he means together with maachal u'mishteh. Iyenu lo sham. Okay, let's see a little bit perek yud.
ืื ืืืืจ ืืื ืืจืื ื ืขืืฉื ืืฆืืช ืืชืืจื ืืขืืกืง ืืืืืชื ืืื ืฉืืงืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืชืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืคืจืืฉ ืื ืืขืืืจื ืฉืืืืืจื ืชืืจื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฆื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืชืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจืช ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืจืืื ืืขืืืืช ื' ืขื ืืจื ืื ืฉืืขืืื ืขื ืืจื ืื ืืื ืขืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืืขืืช ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืขืืช ืืืืืื ืืืื ืขืืืืื ื' ืขื ืืจื ืื ืืื ืขืื ืืืจืฅ ืื ืฉืื ืืงืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืื ืืืชื ืืขืืื ืืืจืื ืขื ืฉืชืจืื ืืขืชื ืืืขืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืืืื ืขืืกืง ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืช ืืืืื ืื ืชืืืืช ืืืืื ืื ืืคื ื ืืืจ ืืขืืื ืื ืืคื ื ืืจืืช ืืจืขื ืืื ืืื ืืืจืฉ ืืืืื ืืื ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช ืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืช ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืฉืงืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืคื ืฉืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืฉืฆืื ื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืืฉื ืจืืื ื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืช ื' ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืช ื' ืืืื ืืจืืืื ืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฆืืช ืืืืื.
So it seems to be a shtickel stirah here. In Halacha Aleph, the Rambam says that a person who is oved mi'yira, not oved me'ahava, this isnโt the ma'ala of nevi'im, itโs not a ma'ala of chachamim. Right, so the implication in Halacha Aleph clearly is what is the ma'ala of nevi'im, what is the ma'ala of chachamim? That theyโre oved me'ahava. Thatโs clearly the implication in Halacha Aleph. Halacha Beis, the Rambam turns around and says that the ma'ala of ahava is even ein kol chacham zoche lah. Lav davka that every person who is a chacham is zoche to that ma'ala of ahava. So ella mai? So lechora the... The simple pshat is as follows. Ahavas Hashem is a spectrum. It's a spectrum. A very wide and very broad spectrum. Someone whose entire involvement with avodas Hashem is
ืืื ืฉืืงืื ืืืจืืืช ืืืชืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฆื ืื ืืงืืืืช ืืืชืืืืช ืืชืืจื ืืื ืฉืื ืืืจืช ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื.
That's his entire avodas Hashem. It stems from those types of considerations and motives. That person isn't even in the spectrum of Ahavas Hashem. There's nothing there. There's nothing there that's lishmah. He's not even in the spectrum. In order to be in the spectrum, there has to be epes a lishmah. Maybe it's a lishmah veshelo lishmah. The end of the spectrum is what the Rambam is talking about in Halacha Beis is that a person is oved es Hashem. Again, not well, I'm cognizant of the fact and and to be honest I'm motivated by the fact of yiras ha-onesh and and l'yiras ha-tovah but with that shelo lishmah there's also a little bit of a lishmah. Then a person's in the spectrum. A person's in the spectrum of Ahavas Hashem if he has that combination of lishmah veshelo lishmah. Avraham Avinu was at the end of the spectrum that what he did was was purely lishmah. That's what the Rambam says to reach the end of the spectrum is
ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื. ืืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืืช ืืืจืื ืืืื ื ืฉืงืจืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืืืืื.
So the Rambam should have said lefi she-avad me-ahavah. The Rambam says no, ืืคื ืฉืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืืื. De-hainu it's not just that Avraham Avinu was oved me-ahavah. A person can be oved simultaneously me-ahavah u-miyiras ha-onesh. He can be oved simultaneously. People are complicated. We always do things for a combination of reasons and motivations. Some more pure and noble and some more self-centered and more egotistical. That's ma'aseh bechol yom. So the maylah of Avraham Avinu was ืืคื ืฉืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืืื. And again the same emphasis of at the end of the halacha ืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืื. That's maybe maybe in the middle of the spectrum. I don't know, so some mitzvos a person really relates to. And there takeh he's more lishmah in that mitzvah. And other mitzvos ich veis don't resonate so much with us. And there we're not so much lishmah. So all that, all those are madreigos in the spectrum. A person is in the spectrum. To reach the end of the spectrum ืฉืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืื. That takeh is is a madreigah of Avraham Avinu ืืคื ืฉืื ืขืื ืืื ืืืืื. How would we have described or defined a person who's being oved me-ahavah? So I think the way the Rambam does at the end of Halacha Beis ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืื. A person does everything with a sense of love. The beginning of Halacha Beis the Rambam doesn't say that. He says ืขืืฉื ืืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช. So a different epes a different different emphasis, a different hagdarah. Where's the ahavah there? It seems a little bit no ahavah is seems a little too cerebral no? Lemashal, lemashal. Let's say your father asks you to bring him ich veis a cup of coffee, milk, two sugars. So you love your father. So you run to, you run to bring him the coffee. You measure out the two spoon, the two level spoonfuls of sugar. Maybe instead of drinking coffee, he should drink Coca-Cola, maybe Pepsi. I don't know if it's emes. I don't know if you're doing it mitzad shehu emes. But ืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืื. But you can bring with ahava. When the Rambam says ืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช, he doesn't mean leafukei meahava. A person shouldn't, shouldn't, that has to be part of the ahava also. The part of the ahava also is, it's not just that Hakadosh Baruch Hu said it, and if Hakadosh Baruch Hu said it, so I'm going to do it meahava, but part of the ahava is Hakadosh Baruch Hu said it then it's emes and I'm going to do it. And that's what the Rambam is emphasizing. It's not the emphasis isn't on ืืืช ืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืืช as opposed to there being an ahava for it. It's that the fact that there's an ahava for it doesn't mean again, when you bring your father a cup of coffee, you don't have to hold that it's emes that he's having two spoonfuls of sugar. But when you oseh mitzvot meahava, you have to hold that it's emes, that the mitzvot are emes. Emes, the Rambam has in, take a look in Hilchot Avodah Zarah. At the end of perek yud aleph I think, the Rambam's talking about meonen, menachesh, baal ov, baal yidoni, kosem. And then he says in perek yud aleph halacha tet zayin: ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืจื ืฉืงืจ ืืืื ืื. All these witchcraft, sorcery, whatever, it's all divrei sheker vechazav.
ืืื ืฉืืืขื ืืื ืขืืืื ืขืืืื ืืจื ืืงืืืื ืื ืืืืื ืืืจืฆืืช ืืื ืฉืื ืื ืืืจืืื ืืืื ืจืืื ืืืฉืจืื ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื.
That's a phrase in Mishlei.
ืฉืื ืืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืขืืืช ืขื ืืื ืฉืืฉ ืืื ืชืืขืื,
as in toeles I guess.
ืฉื ืืืจ ืื ืื ื ืืฉ ืืืขืงื ืืื ืงืกื ืืืฉืจืื ืื ืืืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืืืจืฉ ืืืชื ืื ืืขืื ื ืื ืืื ืงืืกืืื ืืฉืืขื ืืืชื ืื ืื ื ืชื ืื ื' ืืืืื. ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืืฆื ืืื ืืืืฉื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืช ืืืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืืชืืจื ืืกืจื ืืืชื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืกืืืื ืืืืกืจื ืืืขืช ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืงืื ืื ืฉืืื ืืขืชื ืฉืืืื. ืืื ืืขืื ืืืืื ืืชืืืื ืืืขืช ืืืขื ืืจืืืืช ืืจืืจืืช ืฉืื ืืื ืืืืจืื ืฉืืกืจื ืชืืจื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ืืื ืชืื ืืืื ืฉื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืกืจื ืืืขืช ืื ืืฉื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืช ืืืืื ืืืคื ื ืื ืืืจื ืชืืจื ืืฉืืืืืจื ืขื ืื ืืื ืืืืืื ืชืืื ืชืืื ืขื ื' ืืืืื.
My father zichrono livracha used to the way he used to describe the Rambam's understanding of ืชืืื ืชืืื ืขื ื' ืืืืื is that a person has to have again an intellectual conviction, not just that a person has to, Torah said do, okay, Torah says jump I jump, Simon says. So the Torah says, the Torah says put your hand on your head, you put your hand on your head. Torah says take your hand off your head, take your hand off your head. But there's no sense that that's emes. Simon says, Simon says. No, ืชืืื ืชืืื ืขื ื' ืืืืื means that a person has to have again an intellectual conviction that what the Torah says is emes. Torah says is emes. And what the Torah rejects is sheker, and there's chazav and there's hevel. So the ahavas Hashem that a person has. has, the ahavas a person, a person who zoiche to that madreiga, so mistama a person who achieves that madreiga. So how did he achieve that madreiga? So he achieved that madreiga, ืืืืชื ืฉืืื ืื ืขืจื ืืงืฅ and that's the source. So the ahavas is bound up with the recognition that HaKadosh Baruch Hu is emes. So mi-meila that's what it means, he does emes m'tzad she'hu emes. It's not enough that ahavas means HaKadosh Baruch Hu said and I love HaKadosh Baruch Hu I'm going to do it. No, that's still missing. It's HaKadosh Baruch Hu said and it's emes. And if HaKadosh Baruch Hu said it's emes, and out of ahavas I'm going to do it. If the Rambam defines the beginning of Halacha, ahavas as ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช, so then at the end of the Halacha when he says
ืฉืืืื ืืืื ืฉืืืื ืืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืืื ืจืืืื ืืืขืฉื ืื ืืืฆืืืช ืืืืื,
so he's not giving a new definition of ahavas, just saying when you when you love Hashem so you do mitzvos. But you have ahavas for Hashem, so that's going to cause you to do mitzvos mitoch ahavas. But the definition of ahavas is where he says at the beginning. Yitachen, yitachen. Yitachen, just sort of have to see the transition to Halacha gimmel to see is it just that or is it more also. But but the he'ara is a very good he'ara. Well what does the Rambam mean when he said there in Halacha vuv that ืขืืฉื ืืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช ืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื? So lechora it would have been no, would have been better without those four words, no? ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช. What's going to be ba-sof? Doesn't interest me. Doesn't interest me. I don't need to know about it. ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืืช. What's going to be, whatever will be. ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช, what's the ืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื? So lechora the teirutz is like this. When the Rambam says ืืกืืฃ ืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื, clearly the mashmaos is that that's not part of his motivation. It's not that part of his motivation is the sof ha-emes, excuse me, the sof ha-tova. And hayos that that's not part of the motivation, the emes is, and this is mamash along the same lines as what we were just emphasizing in ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืฆื ืฉืืื ืืืช, is that adaraba a person has to be aware. If you would have asked Avraham Avinu, what's going to be b'sof? You're going to ask Avraham Avinu, why why are you being thrown into the kivshan ha-eish? m'tzad she'hu emes. Hashem Elokim emes, m'tzad she'hu emes. You ask Avraham Avinu, and what's going to be when you get to Olam Ha-Ba? What's going to be when you get to Olam Ha-Ba? He'll say ืื ืจื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืฆืคื ืช ืืืจืืื. Because again, to pretend that you don't know is a chisaron in the emes, is a chisaron in HaKadosh Baruch Hu's emes, in HaKadosh Baruch Hu's tova. So yes, there is an awareness, not a motivating awareness. No, the motivation is ืขืืฉื ืืืช ืืคื ื ืฉืืื ืืืช. So it's not a motivating awareness, but an awareness avada there has to be because otherwise it's a chisaron, otherwise it's an implied chisaron. Oh I don't know, I don't know if I spent my whole life learning Torah and doing chessed and davening and tikkun hamidos, what's going to be? What do you mean you don't know what's going to be? So ืื ืื ืืจืืื ืืฉืคื, what do you mean you don't know what's going to be? Avada sof ha-tova lavoh. And avada that has to be part of the person's awareness, not part of his motivation. as motivation, but it's a chisaron in the emes mitzad shehu emes if it doesn't lead to a sof hatov lavo. Ke-yadu'a, we just looked at it a minute ago. So this is really the second time the Rambam is discussing the mitzvah of ahavas Hashem. The first time was back in perek beis of Yesodei HaTorah:
ืืื ืื ืืื ืืื ืืจื ืืื ืืฆืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืื ืืื ื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืช ื' ืืืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืช ื' ืืืืื ืชืืจื. ืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืชื ืืืจืืชื ืืฉืขื ืฉืืชืืื ื ืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืจืืืื ืื ืคืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืืชื ืฉืืื ืื ืขืจื ืืื ืงืฅ ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืฉืื ืืืคืืจ ืืืชืืื ืชืืื ืืืืื ืืืืข ืืฉื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืฆืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืฉืืืฉื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืื ื ืจืชืข ืืืืืจืื ืืืืจื ืืืคืื ืืืืข ืฉืืื ืืจืื ืงืื ื ืฉืคืื ืืคืื ืขืืืืช ืืืขืช ืงืื ืืขืืื ืืคื ื ืชืืื ืืขืืช ืืื ืฉืืืจ ืืื ืื ืืจืื ืฉืืื ืื ืื ืืฉ ืื ืชืืืจื ื ืืืคื ืืืืจืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืขืฉื ืจืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืื ืคืชื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืช ืืฉื ืืื ืฉืืืจื ืืืืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืื ืฉืืชืื ืื ืืชื ืืืืจ ืื ืฉืืืจ ืืืื ืืขืืื.
So what did the what about ahava was the Rambam discussing in perek beis of Yesodei HaTorah, and what about ahava is he discussing in perek yud of Hilchos Teshuvah? So lichora, the pshat is like this. When the Rambam says ืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืชื ืืืจืืชื in perek beis of Yesodei HaTorah, so what does that mean? There is a mitzvah of ahavas Hashem, yiras Hashem. Okay, so by many mitzvos, there's a need for a hechsher mitzvah. You can't wake up ืืื ื"ื ืืชืฉืจื and expect to be mikayem the mitzvah of yeshivah sukkah if you didn't engage in the hechsher mitzvah of making sure that you built a sukkah and there's a sukkah available or that there's someone who's going to let you use his sukkah. There's a hechsher, there's things you have to do in order to position yourself to be mikayem the mitzvos of ahava and yira. So ืืื ืืื ืืืจื ืืืืืชื ืืืจืืชื? So how do you position yourself to be mikayem the mitzvos of ahava and yira? So lichora, that easily one could think that's pshat, but lichora, that's not right. The hechrach lichora that it's not right is that if you read the Rambam that way, so then what emerges is that the Rambam here in Yesodei HaTorah introduces the mitzvos and doesn't tell you anything about what the mitzvah is. There's no such thing. There's no such thing as the Rambam saying there's a mitzvah and I just wanted you to know about the mitzvah and later I'll tell you the dinei hamitzvah. Then it comes out that in Yesodei HaTorah he mentions the mitzvah and all the dinim of the mitzvah are in Yesodei HaTorah. The teretz is no. The Rambam holds, and we'll see in a minute bli neder, you find this meforash in other Rishonim, that by the mitzvah of ahavas Hashem, the process of trying to come lidei ahava is part of the mitzvah. It's not a geder of hechsher mitzvah. That's gufa part of the mitzvah, that which a person does to try to bring himself l'ahavas Hashem is gufa a part of the mitzvah. Where do you see this in other Rishonim meforash? So the, not going in chronological order, the Sefer HaChinuch has this svara. On mitzvos ahavas Hashem, says he does with every mitzvah, so he tells you at the end of the mitzvah what it is that if a person does, he's guilty of having been mivatel the mitzvah. So there's a mitzvah to listen to the kol shofar on Aleph Tishrei. How are you mivatel the mitzvah? If you didn't listen to the kol shofar on Aleph Tishrei. There's a mitzvah to put on tefillin. How are you mivatel the mitzvah if you didn't put on tefillin? There's a mitzvah of ahavas Hashem, so how are you mivatel the mitzvah? If you don't love Hashem? But that's not what it says in Sefer HaChinuch. Says in the Sefer HaChinuch, if a person is ืงืืืข ืืืฉืืืชืื ืืชืขื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื, and I forget the exact lashon, b'taanugei haolam... and is looking for kavod and in and in in this world which the Sefer Hachinuch says is ko'eiv for kvod shamayim, he's interested in his own kavod and and he's koveia machshavosav betaanugos so then ืืืืื ืขืฉื ืื ืืขืื ืฉื ืืืื ืืื ืจืืื ื ืืืฆืื. So what so you see from the Sefer Hachinuch if a person's not involved in the process of trying to attain ahavas Hashem, he was mevatel the mitzvah. So vays dose that the process isn't begeder hechsher, but it's part of the mitzvah itself. The the other at least one that that comes to mind, mistama there are many more reios, but in Chovos Halevavos Rabbeinu Bachya says as follows. He talks about different types of ahava. And the highest type of ahava is is the one that the Rambam is describing, he doesn't exactly quote the Rambam, right? But the highest type of ahava is is the one that the Rambam describes here in perek yud of Hilchos Teshuva and says but there are other types of ahavos as well. He says there's the ahava which which an eved who is treated very well by his adon feels for his master. Okay but now that's more of a right there there's much more of a selfish impetus for the ahava because the basis for the ahava is because he's so good to me. He's so good to me. So the Chovos Halevavos says that a person should work on having that sense of ahava for Hashem, that type of ahava for Hashem, because he says amazing. The Chovos Halevavos says about ahava the same thing Ramchal says about kedusha. He says the emes is, the ahavas Hashem that the Rambam is talking about is beyond our capacity. Human being's not capable of it. Not capable of it. Ela mai a person is masmid with the lower again more selfish as it were or in terms of the the impetus forms of ahava, so then Hakadosh Baruch Hu raises him, elevates him to that level. But that's the ahava that that ultimately we're supposed to have, so by definition the mitzvah is to do what you can to reach that goal because by definition you can't attain that goal on your own. It's exactly what what Ramchal says about kedusha. He says ืชืืืืชื ืืฉืชืืืืช ืืกืืคื ืืืื. But ืืื ืืงืืฉ ืขืฆืื ืืขื is then mekadshinaso harbei. ืืื ืืงืืฉ ืขืฆืื ืืืืื is mekadshinaso milmala. Okay, bli neder maybe we'll next Thursday bli neder we'll try to finish the perek.